In moving straight ahead at an intersection, there are two key actions to take.
Preview Scan for Hazards — Other Vehicles, Pedestrians, Bicycles
First, scan the road ahead, including the sides and sidewalks, as well as the cross streets for hazards or potential hazards. These might be other vehicles, whether moving or stationary, bicyclists and pedestrians - especially children - and anyone half-hidden behind objects. Don't forget to glance in your mirrors every few seconds, too.
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Preview Covering the Brake Pedal
Second, when you notice an approaching hazard, place your left foot over the brake pedal so that if you must brake suddenly, response time is minimized.
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Preview Purpose of Signaling
The reason for signaling is simple. It lets other drivers know that you are there and that you plan to alter your course or speed. Unless you’re driving a vehicle that is not equipped with turn signals (and isn't required to be), you should always use your signals when turning or passing – and if your vehicle doesn’t have turn signals (or in the event that they become inoperable), you are required to use hand signals, instead.
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Preview Distance Required
In order to give others time to react, signals should be turned on and left on for the last 100 feet before you make your move. No driver may suddenly decrease speed or stop on a highway without first giving the appropriate signal.
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Preview Duration of Signal
When you see another vehicle approaching with its indicator light on while you are waiting to join or cross its traffic lane, you should be cautious. Do not assume a vehicle is turning into your road, as some drivers do not automatically turn off their signal lights. Wait until the vehicle slows and starts to turn into your road before making your move. Make sure there is no vehicle following closely behind and hidden by the first one.