Are there neurons representing specific views of ob- the use of neural paths with different sensitivity en
jects in the human visual system? A visual selective route to the activation of the same representation” (Bar,
adaptation method was used to address this ques- 2001). On the other hand, neurophysiological evidence
tion. After visual adaptation to an object viewed either can be found that supports either viewer-centered or
15 or 30 degrees from one side, when the same object object-centered representations. In occipitotemporal
was subsequently presented near the frontal view, the areas in nonhuman primates, some studies (Perrett et
perceived viewing directions were biased in a direc- al., 1987; Logothetis et al., 1995; Wang et al., 1996)
tion opposite to that of the adapted viewpoint. This found neurons responding to objects in a viewpointaftereffect
can be obtained with spatially nonoverlap- selective manner, and other studies (Logothetis et al.,
ping adapting and test stimuli, and it depends on the 1994; Booth and Rolls, 1998) found viewpoint-invariant
global representation of the adapting stimuli. View- neurons. In the human visual system, Grill-Spector and
point aftereffects were found within, but not across, Malach (2001) used a novel experimental paradigm,
categories of objects tested (faces, cars, wire-like ob- functional magnetic resonance-adaptation (fMR-A), to
jects). The magnitude of this aftereffect depends on study object representation in the lateral occipital comthe
angular difference between the adapting and test plex (LOC). They found that the LOC is sensitive to
viewing angles and grows with increasing duration changes of viewpoint in that presenting different views
of adaptation. These results support the existence of of the same object in a temporal block generated a
object-selective neurons tuned to specific viewing an- larger BOLD response than did presenting the same
gles in the human visual system.