constraints. More precisely, we can formulate this quadratic
programming problem as: given V and b,The constraints in (2) are derived as follows. Since the
weights bi of the index and the weights ti of the tracking
portfolio portfolio sum to 1, it follows that the sum of their
differences xi = ti − bi must be equal to 0 or, shortly,
1 · x = 0 where 1 is a vector containing only ones. The
inequality in (2) follows directly from the fact that 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
by subtracting b from all the terms.