4. 'valid, relevant' implies that before information is used in a decision, an assessment should be made of the accuracy of the information and the applicability of the evidence to the decision in question; that is, information should be appraised.
5. 'information' is deliberately left unspecified; there are many types of information that may be valid and relevant in particular circumstances. I have no wish to exclude any particular type of information as long as an appraisal is made of its validity and relevance and the information is given 'due weight' - neither more nor less.