Summary Background Both
hempseed oil (HO) and flaxseed
oil (FO) contain high amounts of
essential fatty acids (FAs); i.e.
linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-
3), but almost in opposite ratios.
An excessive intake of one essential
FA over the other may interfere
with the metabolism of the
other while the metabolisms of LA
and ALA compete for the same
enzymes. It is not known whether
there is a difference between n-3
and n-6 FA of plant origin in the
effects on serum lipid profile. Aim
of the study To compare the
effects of HO and FO on the profile
of serum lipids and fasting concentrations
of serum total and
lipoprotein lipids, plasma glucose
and insulin, and haemostatic factors
in healthy humans. Methods
Fourteen healthy volunteers participated
in the study. A randomised,
double-blind crossover
design was used. The volunteers
consumed HO and FO (30 ml/day)
for 4 weeks each. The periods
were separated by a 4-week washout
period. Results The HO
period resulted in higher proportions
of both LA and gammalinolenic
acid in serum cholesteryl
esters (CE) and triglycerides (TG)
as compared with the FO period
(P < 0.001), whereas the FO period
resulted in a higher proportion
of ALA in both serum CE and TG
as compared with the HO period
(P < 0.001). The proportion of
arachidonic acid in CE was lower
after the FO period than after the
HO period (P < 0.05). The HO
period resulted in a lower total-to-
HDL cholesterol ratio compared
with the FO period (P = 0.065).
No significant differences were
found between the periods in
measured values of fasting serum
total or lipoprotein lipids, plasma
glucose, insulin or hemostatic
factors. Conclusions The effects of
HO and FO on the profile of serum
lipids differed significantly, with
only minor effects on concentrations
of fasting serum total or
lipoprotein lipids, and no significant
changes in concentrations of
plasma glucose or insulin or in
haemostatic factors.
Summary Background Bothhempseed oil (HO) and flaxseedoil (FO) contain high amounts ofessential fatty acids (FAs); i.e.linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) andalpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), but almost in opposite ratios.An excessive intake of one essentialFA over the other may interferewith the metabolism of theother while the metabolisms of LAand ALA compete for the sameenzymes. It is not known whetherthere is a difference between n-3and n-6 FA of plant origin in theeffects on serum lipid profile. Aimof the study To compare theeffects of HO and FO on the profileof serum lipids and fasting concentrationsof serum total andlipoprotein lipids, plasma glucoseand insulin, and haemostatic factorsin healthy humans. MethodsFourteen healthy volunteers participatedin the study. A randomised,double-blind crossoverdesign was used. The volunteersconsumed HO and FO (30 ml/day)for 4 weeks each. The periodswere separated by a 4-week washoutperiod. Results The HOperiod resulted in higher proportionsof both LA and gammalinolenicacid in serum cholesterylesters (CE) and triglycerides (TG)as compared with the FO period(P < 0.001), whereas the FO periodresulted in a higher proportionof ALA in both serum CE and TGas compared with the HO period(P < 0.001). The proportion ofarachidonic acid in CE was lowerafter the FO period than after theHO period (P < 0.05). The HOperiod resulted in a lower total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio comparedwith the FO period (P = 0.065).No significant differences werefound between the periods inmeasured values of fasting serumtotal or lipoprotein lipids, plasmaglucose, insulin or hemostaticfactors. Conclusions The effects ofHO and FO on the profile of serumlipids differed significantly, withonly minor effects on concentrationsof fasting serum total orlipoprotein lipids, and no significantchanges in concentrations ofplasma glucose or insulin or inhaemostatic factors.
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