CHAPTER 8. INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT
8.1 Required instruments and equipment
The aeroplane shall be provided with approved instruments and equipment necessary for the safe operation of the aeroplane in the anticipated operating conditions. These shall include the instruments and equipment necessary to enable the crew to operate the aeroplane within its operating limitations.
8.2 Installation
Instrument and equipment installations shall comply with the Standards of Chapter 4.
8.3 Safety and survival equipment
Prescribed safety and survival equipment that the crew or passengers are expected to use or operate at the time of an emergency shall be reliable, readily accessible and easily identified, and its method of operation shall be plainly marked.
*8.4 Navigation lights and anti-collision lights
8.4.1 The lights required by Annex 2 to be displayed by aeroplanes in flight or operating on the movement area of an aerodrome shall have intensities, colours, fields of coverage and other characteristics such that they furnish the pilot of another aircraft or personnel on the ground with as much time as possible for interpretation and for subsequent manoeuvre necessary to avoid a collision. In the design of such lights, due account shall be taken of the conditions under which they may reasonably be expected to perform these functions.
8.4.2 Lights shall be installed in aeroplanes so as to minimize the possibility that they will:
a) adversely affect the satisfactory performance of the flight crews’ duties; or
b) subject an outside observer to harmful dazzle.
CHAPTER 9. OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION
9.1 General
The operating limitations within which compliance with the Standards of this Annex is determined, together with any other information necessary to the safe operation of the aeroplane, shall be made available by means of an aeroplane flight manual, markings and placards, and such other means as may effectively accomplish the purpose. The limitations and infor- mation shall include at least those prescribed in 9.2, 9.3 and 9.4.
9.2 Operating limitations
Limitations which there is a risk of exceeding in flight and which are defined quantitatively shall be expressed in suitable units and corrected if necessary for errors in measurements so that the flight crew can, by reference to the instruments available to them, readily determine when the limitations are reached.
9.2.1 Loading limitations
The loading limitations shall include all limiting masses, centres of gravity positions, mass distributions, and floor loadings (see 1.3.2).
9.2.2 Airspeed limitations
The airspeed limitations shall include all speeds (see 3.2) that are limiting from the standpoint of structural integrity or flying qualities of the aeroplane, or from other considerations. These speeds shall be identified with respect to the appropriate aeroplane configurations and other pertinent factors.
9.2.3 Powerplant limitations
The powerplant limitations shall include all those established for the various powerplant components as installed in the aeroplane (see 7.1.2 and 7.2.3).
9.2.4 Limitations on equipment and systems
The limitations on equipment and systems shall include all those established for the various equipment and systems as installed in the aeroplane.
9.2.5 Miscellaneous limitations
Miscellaneous limitations shall include any necessary limitations with respect to conditions found to be prejudicial to the safety of the aeroplane (see 1.3.1).
9.2.6 Flight crew limitations
The flight crew limitations shall include the minimum number of flight crew personnel necessary to operate the aeroplane, having regard, among other things, to the accessibility to the appropriate crew members of all necessary controls and instruments and to the execution of the established emergency procedures.
9.2.7 Flying time limitation after system or power-unit failure
The systems limitations shall include the maximum flying time for which system reliability has been established in relation to the approval of operations by aeroplanes with two turbine power-units beyond the threshold time established in accordance with 4.7 of Annex 6, Part I.
9.3 Operating information and procedures
9.3.1 Types of eligible operations
There shall be listed the particular types of operations, as may be defined in Annex 6, Parts I and II, or be generally recognized, for which the aeroplane has been shown to be eligible by virtue of compliance with the appropriate airworthiness requirements.
9.3.2 Loading information
The loading information shall include the empty mass of the aeroplane, together with a definition of the condition of the
CHAPTER 8. INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT8.1 Required instruments and equipmentThe aeroplane shall be provided with approved instruments and equipment necessary for the safe operation of the aeroplane in the anticipated operating conditions. These shall include the instruments and equipment necessary to enable the crew to operate the aeroplane within its operating limitations.8.2 InstallationInstrument and equipment installations shall comply with the Standards of Chapter 4.8.3 Safety and survival equipmentPrescribed safety and survival equipment that the crew or passengers are expected to use or operate at the time of an emergency shall be reliable, readily accessible and easily identified, and its method of operation shall be plainly marked.*8.4 Navigation lights and anti-collision lights8.4.1 The lights required by Annex 2 to be displayed by aeroplanes in flight or operating on the movement area of an aerodrome shall have intensities, colours, fields of coverage and other characteristics such that they furnish the pilot of another aircraft or personnel on the ground with as much time as possible for interpretation and for subsequent manoeuvre necessary to avoid a collision. In the design of such lights, due account shall be taken of the conditions under which they may reasonably be expected to perform these functions.8.4.2 Lights shall be installed in aeroplanes so as to minimize the possibility that they will:a) adversely affect the satisfactory performance of the flight crews’ duties; orb) subject an outside observer to harmful dazzle.CHAPTER 9. OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION9.1 GeneralThe operating limitations within which compliance with the Standards of this Annex is determined, together with any other information necessary to the safe operation of the aeroplane, shall be made available by means of an aeroplane flight manual, markings and placards, and such other means as may effectively accomplish the purpose. The limitations and infor- mation shall include at least those prescribed in 9.2, 9.3 and 9.4.9.2 Operating limitationsLimitations which there is a risk of exceeding in flight and which are defined quantitatively shall be expressed in suitable units and corrected if necessary for errors in measurements so that the flight crew can, by reference to the instruments available to them, readily determine when the limitations are reached.9.2.1 Loading limitationsThe loading limitations shall include all limiting masses, centres of gravity positions, mass distributions, and floor loadings (see 1.3.2).9.2.2 Airspeed limitationsThe airspeed limitations shall include all speeds (see 3.2) that are limiting from the standpoint of structural integrity or flying qualities of the aeroplane, or from other considerations. These speeds shall be identified with respect to the appropriate aeroplane configurations and other pertinent factors.9.2.3 Powerplant limitationsThe powerplant limitations shall include all those established for the various powerplant components as installed in the aeroplane (see 7.1.2 and 7.2.3).9.2.4 Limitations on equipment and systemsThe limitations on equipment and systems shall include all those established for the various equipment and systems as installed in the aeroplane.9.2.5 Miscellaneous limitationsMiscellaneous limitations shall include any necessary limitations with respect to conditions found to be prejudicial to the safety of the aeroplane (see 1.3.1).9.2.6 Flight crew limitationsThe flight crew limitations shall include the minimum number of flight crew personnel necessary to operate the aeroplane, having regard, among other things, to the accessibility to the appropriate crew members of all necessary controls and instruments and to the execution of the established emergency procedures.9.2.7 Flying time limitation after system or power-unit failureThe systems limitations shall include the maximum flying time for which system reliability has been established in relation to the approval of operations by aeroplanes with two turbine power-units beyond the threshold time established in accordance with 4.7 of Annex 6, Part I.9.3 Operating information and procedures9.3.1 Types of eligible operationsThere shall be listed the particular types of operations, as may be defined in Annex 6, Parts I and II, or be generally recognized, for which the aeroplane has been shown to be eligible by virtue of compliance with the appropriate airworthiness requirements.9.3.2 Loading informationThe loading information shall include the empty mass of the aeroplane, together with a definition of the condition of the
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