To disclose their management forecasts, firms can provide management forecasts with any items in income statements (e.g., revenue, gross profit,or net income). Prior study documents that firms are more likely to provide earnings forecasts
than revenue forecasts. Investigating management forecast issuing in 1978 to 1982, Han and Wild (1991) find of 263 forecast samples, 162 forecasts (62%) are earnings forecasts while 101 forecasts (38%) are earnings and revenue forecasts. Collecting 3,459 management forecasts during October 2000 to July 2002, Feldman et al. (2003) find 59% of their samples are earnings forecasts while 41% of them are revenue forecasts