experiencing nature and living beings by taking their interests as our own. Identification
and compassion result in a feeling of good will towards others, and both Buddhism and
deep ecology recommend that we widen the scope of these to include the entire cosmos
and all living beings.
I argued that, insofar as it relies on metaphysical ideas as grounds for
identification, deep ecology is inconsistent with Buddhism, which regards all views as
empty. Several deep ecologists, in fact, do not attempt to rationalize their case for
identification, and instead merely propose it as an alternative way of relating to the world
and to others. Still, there is disagreement between them upon whether identification
requires a sense of similarity, of identity, or else a sense of difference, between oneself
and those beings with whom one identifies. The Mahāyāna understanding of bodhicitta,
on the other hand, avoids this quandary by basing identification not on sameness or
difference, but upon the emptiness of all beings.
Śāntideva‘s Bodhicaryāvatāra contains an extensive elaboration on this concept.
He suggests that since, ultimately, neither the self nor the other can be found to exist
inherently, there is no valid reason for discriminating between the suffering of other
beings and our own. Therefore, the bodhisattva simply promotes well-being, regardless
of who it belongs to conventionally. The notion of bodhicitta provided a partial solution
to the problems, outlined in chapter 1, with attempting to base an environmental ethic
upon solicitude. Although the Mahāyāna understanding of ultimate love and compassion
cannot be used to ground specifically environmentally motivated actions, applying it will
reduce egoistic preconceptions and biases, and will enable one to broaden the range of
their concern.
experiencing nature and living beings by taking their interests as our own. Identification
and compassion result in a feeling of good will towards others, and both Buddhism and
deep ecology recommend that we widen the scope of these to include the entire cosmos
and all living beings.
I argued that, insofar as it relies on metaphysical ideas as grounds for
identification, deep ecology is inconsistent with Buddhism, which regards all views as
empty. Several deep ecologists, in fact, do not attempt to rationalize their case for
identification, and instead merely propose it as an alternative way of relating to the world
and to others. Still, there is disagreement between them upon whether identification
requires a sense of similarity, of identity, or else a sense of difference, between oneself
and those beings with whom one identifies. The Mahāyāna understanding of bodhicitta,
on the other hand, avoids this quandary by basing identification not on sameness or
difference, but upon the emptiness of all beings.
Śāntideva‘s Bodhicaryāvatāra contains an extensive elaboration on this concept.
He suggests that since, ultimately, neither the self nor the other can be found to exist
inherently, there is no valid reason for discriminating between the suffering of other
beings and our own. Therefore, the bodhisattva simply promotes well-being, regardless
of who it belongs to conventionally. The notion of bodhicitta provided a partial solution
to the problems, outlined in chapter 1, with attempting to base an environmental ethic
upon solicitude. Although the Mahāyāna understanding of ultimate love and compassion
cannot be used to ground specifically environmentally motivated actions, applying it will
reduce egoistic preconceptions and biases, and will enable one to broaden the range of
their concern.
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