The screening and treatment intervention is provided to all pregnant women enrolled in the intervention clusters. Furthermore, to examine the comparability of baseline infection prevalence between intervention and control areas, a random 10 % of mothers enrolled in the control arm are selected to receive the screening and treatment intervention. To select the 10 % of mothers from control areas, each CHW initially randomly selected a number between 1 and 10 which indicated the starting number of the women in her area to receive the intervention. From that starting point every 10th enrolled mother was included in the group to receive the screening and treatment intervention. The sample size was not adjusted for this allocation.