So much material was in this cloud that it lowered temperatures around the globe and produced blizzards in the Midwest and snowfall in the U.S. east coast and London in August, caused poor harvests in New England and Europe, and killed water buffalo and flooded rice crops in China and Tibet in what became known as the year without summer. One Virginia resident wrote. “In June...another snowfall came and folks went sleighing...On July 4, water froze in cisterns and snow fell again, with Independence Day celebrants moving inside churches where hearth fires warmed things a mite.”