1.Introduction Theextensiveutilizat

1.Introduction
The
extensive
utilization
of or ganic
compound
sinmodern
society combined
with
increasing
demands
for
water
resour
ceshave resulted
in
widespreadcontaminationofwaterresources.Manyof thesecompoundshaveanthropogenicsourcesandarebeingproducedingreaterquantitiesthaneverbeforearoundtheglobe[1,2]. Thesecompoundsincludingpharmaceuticals,personal-careproducts,pesticides,hormonesandindustrialcontaminants,andare collectivelytermedastraceorganiccompounds(TOrCs).Several studieshaveshownthatconventionalwatertreatmentprocesses generallyarenoteffectiveinremovalofTOrCsthusleadingtotheir releaseintotheenvironmentwithpotentialforcontaminationof drinkingwatersources[3,4].Whiletheadverseeffectsassociated withexposuretoindividualcompoundsfromdrinkingwaterisnot expectedtoposesignificantrisktopublichealth[5],thelongterm exposuretomixturesofTOrCsandpotentialforsynergisticeffectsis largelyunknown[6–8].DuetothevastnumberofTOrCsdetectedin water,regulatoryactionstodetermineacceptablelevelsofall nCorrespondingauthor.Tel.:þ15206212573. E-mailaddress:[e-mail](S.A.Snyder). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.011 0039-9140/&2014ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved. detectedTOrCsisnotfeasibledespitestudiesdocumentingadverse effectstotheenvironmentandwildlife[9–11].Thus,itisprudentto monitorindicatorTOrCsinwaterwhilesufficienttoxicological datacanbecollectedandstudiesonanypotentialmixtureeffects performed. Currently,methodsutilizingliquidchromatography–tandem massspectrometry(LC–MS/MS)areconsideredthegoldstandard forsensitiveanalysisofmultipleTOrCsinwater[12–14].However,to achieverequisitedetectionlimitsoflowng/LformanyTOrCs,time consumingsamplepreparationstepsareoftenrequiredbefore LC–MS/MSanalysis.Thesamplepreparationstepgenerallyinvolves extractionandconcentrationofthetargetanalyteswithcommensurateeliminationofmanyinterferencesintheoriginalmatrix.Traditionaloff-linesolid-phaseextraction(SPE)andliquid–liquid extraction(LLE)arethemostcommonlyusedconcentrationand clean-upstepsforanalysisofTOrCsinenvironmentalmatrices [12,15,16].Thesetwotechniquesrequirearelativelylargesample volume,areextremelytimeconsuming,laborious,andrequire considerableamountsoforganicsolventstoperform.Further,these methodscanpotentiallydecreasethereproducibilityandaccuracyof analysisduetomultiplesamplemanipulationsthatarerequired[17]. Consideringthehighdegreeoftemporal[18]andgeographical[19] variability,high-throughputtime-sensitiveanalyticalscreening

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

1 . บทนำ



หรือ ganic อย่างละเอียด การใช้สารประกอบ


sinmodern สังคมรวมกับความต้องการเพิ่มขึ้น






ceshave สำหรับน้ำ resour )

widespreadcontaminationofwaterresources.manyof ใน thesecompoundshaveanthropogenicsourcesandarebeingproducedingreaterquantitiesthaneverbeforearoundtheglobe [ 1 , 2 ] thesecompoundsincludingpharmaceuticals ส่วนบุคคล careproducts ยาฆ่าแมลงhormonesandindustrialcontaminants เพื่อ collectivelytermedastraceorganiccompounds , ( torcs ) หลาย studieshaveshownthatconventionalwatertreatmentprocesses generallyarenoteffectiveinremovaloftorcsthusleadingtotheir releaseintotheenvironmentwithpotentialforcontaminationof drinkingwatersources [ 3 , 4 ]whiletheadverseeffectsassociated withexposuretoindividualcompoundsfromdrinkingwaterisnot expectedtoposesignificantrisktopublichealth [ 5 ] , thelongterm exposuretomixturesoftorcsandpotentialforsynergisticeffectsis largelyunknown [ 6 – 8 ] duetothevastnumberoftorcsdetectedin น้ำ regulatoryactionstodetermineacceptablelevelsofall ncorrespondingauthor . โทร . : þ 15206212573 . e-mailaddress : [e-mail] .การศึกษา ( s.a.snyder ) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.011 0039-9140 / & 2014elsevierb.v.allrightsreserved . detectedtorcsisnotfeasibledespitestudiesdocumentingadverse effectstotheenvironmentandwildlife [ 9 – 11 ] ดังนั้น itisprudentto monitorindicatortorcsinwaterwhilesufficienttoxicological datacanbecollectedandstudiesonanypotentialmixtureeffects แสดง ในปัจจุบันmethodsutilizingliquidchromatography –ควบคู่ massspectrometry ( LC ) MS / MS ) areconsideredthegoldstandard forsensitiveanalysisofmultipletorcsinwater [ 12 – 14 ] อย่างไรก็ตาม achieverequisitedetectionlimitsoflowng / lformanytorcs LC MS / consumingsamplepreparationstepsareoftenrequiredbefore ครั้ง ) msanalysis .thesamplepreparationstepgenerallyinvolves extractionandconcentrationofthetargetanalyteswithcommensurateeliminationofmanyinterferencesintheoriginalmatrix . traditionaloff linesolid phaseextraction ( SPE ) andliquid –การสกัดด้วย ( ที่ไหน ) arethemostcommonlyusedconcentrationand สะอาด upstepsforanalysisoftorcsinenvironmentalmatrices [ 12,15,16 ] thesetwotechniquesrequirearelativelylargesample ระดับเสียงareextremelytimeconsuming ลําบาก , andrequire considerableamountsoforganicsolventstoperform เพิ่มเติม เหล่านี้ methodscanpotentiallydecreasethereproducibilityandaccuracyof analysisduetomultiplesamplemanipulationsthatarerequired [ 17 ] consideringthehighdegreeoftemporal ภูมิ [ 18 ] [ 19 ] ความแปรปรวนสูง throughputtime sensitiveanalyticalscreening