CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The discussion defined the concept of ‘human growth and development’ as a holistic and
continuous process. Psychological, sociological and biologically based theories applied in the
review were attachment, ecological, and bio-psychological. These were chosen for their relevance
to Sam and Jan. Attachment theory was discussed in detail highlighting its main tenets and main
criticisms. It was highlighted that attachment theory was basically about child-parent
relationships and had practical application in social work.
The ecological model was presented for both Jan and Sam because of the importance of
environmental influence for both. Its child-centred emphasis was linked to the basic guiding
principle for work with children and families. Emphasis was on the interactions between different
levels of the environment which had an impact on the child. Social workers and other helping
professionals benefited from their understanding of the ecological model because when assessing
individuals they can view the child’s total world. Planning interventions with knowledge of the
context enabled helping professionals such as social workers, teachers, nurses, and counsellors to
work effectively in multi-disciplinary or inter-professional teams to provide holistic service and
enhance anti-discriminatory practice. The bio-psychological theory was also cited to explain
human behaviour such as depression experienced by Jan who demonstrated complex interactions
with ecological model.
Theories enhanced our understanding of people and their circumstances. No single theory could
provide an adequate explanation. Relevant legislation can guide our interventions. Social workers
could not provide adequate services and solutions to solve human problems on their own. They
needed to work as part of a multi-disciplinary or inter-professional team and engage in antidiscriminatory
practices.