In one study, Kosslyn (1973) had participants study drawings of objects such as those shown in Figure 8.8. Notice that these drawings are elongated either vertically or horizontally and that each has three easily describable parts: two ends and the middle. After the initial learning phase, participants were told to form an image of one of drawings and then to “look for” a particular part (for example, the petals …(ดูไม่ออก) of the flower). Some participants were told to focus first on one part of the image (for example, the top or the left) and then to scan, looking for the designated part. Kosslyn’s results showed that the longer the distance from the designated end to the location of the part, the longer it took people to say whether the part they were looking for was in the drawing. So, for example, participants told to form an image of the flower and to start scanning at the bottom took longer to “find” the petals (at the top of the drawing) than they did to “find” the leaves (in the middle of the drawing). Presumably, this is because the visual image formed preserves many of the spatial characteristics of the drawings such that parts of the drawings that are separated in space are also separated in the image.