To build a positive ethos, leaders need to know how others perceive them; however, determining how all audiences perceive them is not easy. Research on the ability of managers to judge how they are perceived found that “most managers overestimate their own credibility – considerably” (Conger, 1998). Few people really see themselves as others see them. The idea that when two people meet, six people are really in the room – the persons as they see themselves, the persons as the other sees them, and the persons as they may actually be – underscores the complexity of perception and self perception (Barnlund, 1962). Deciding which perception would be the most accurate would lead to a philosophical tangle, although determining which one is most important would depend on the purpose of the encounter. If one of the individuals intends to influence the other, then the perception of the other takes on great importance, and the need for that individual to know how he or she is perceived becomes critical.