Both groups were taught for one semester using either the 4MAT model or traditional lecture/discussion method. A pretest-posttest-delayed posttest design with a faculty-made 25-item objective test in microbiology content was used to measure achievement and retention of learning. Student attitudes were measured with the Attitude Toward Science in Schools instrument. Student learning styles and hemispheric preferences (left-brain/right-brain) were measured with McCarthy's Learning Type Measure and Hemispheric Mode Indicator, respectively.