Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire styles
Debates about the leadership styles of women and men gained momentum in the 1990s
because of new research attempting to identify the styles that are especially attuned to
contemporary conditions. The new emphasis was on leadership that is transformational in
the sense that it is future oriented rather than present oriented and that strengthens
organizations by inspiring followers’ commitment and creativity. As initially described by
Burns (1978) and elaborated by Bass (1985), transformational leadership entails establishing
oneself as a role model by gaining followers’ trust and confidence. Transformational leaders
state future goals, develop plans to achieve those goals, and innovate, even when their
organization is generally successful. By mentoring and empowering followers, such leaders
help followers to develop their potential and thus to contribute more effectively to their
organization.