Osmotic adjustment (OA) was calculated as the difference
between the measured p and the concentration effect p (equal
to WCWWpWW/WCWL or WS) of the WL or WS plants. Any
difference between the two values of p would be due to either
the net accumulation of osmotic solutes in plant tissues, which
is osmotic adjustment in this study, or to a net loss of solutes.