3.1.3. Texture profile analysis
Texture is a critical characteristic of meat products in terms of
consumer acceptability (Brewer, 2012). The term texture includes a
variety of kinesthetic sensory characteristics: those perceived prior
to chewing (particle size, oiliness, and appearance), those perceived
during chewing (tenderness and juiciness) and those perceived after
chewing (fibrous residue and mouth coating). Results of texture
profile with the different level of GRF in ground pork patties are
shown in Table 3. The addition of 1% GRF could not significantly in-
fluence the hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness in ground pork
patties compared with control (P > 0.05). However, those measurements
were significantly lower in the groups with 3% and 5% of GRF
treatment compared with those of control and 1% of GRF (P < 0.05).
As for springiness, no significant difference was found between
control and the addition of GRF and among three treatments with
different levels of GRF (P > 0.05). These data were similar to the
report of Ziegler, Rizvi, and Acton (1987), who found that hardness
varied inversely with moisture retention in dried and non-dried
3.1.3. Texture profile analysis
Texture is a critical characteristic of meat products in terms of
consumer acceptability (Brewer, 2012). The term texture includes a
variety of kinesthetic sensory characteristics: those perceived prior
to chewing (particle size, oiliness, and appearance), those perceived
during chewing (tenderness and juiciness) and those perceived after
chewing (fibrous residue and mouth coating). Results of texture
profile with the different level of GRF in ground pork patties are
shown in Table 3. The addition of 1% GRF could not significantly in-
fluence the hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness in ground pork
patties compared with control (P > 0.05). However, those measurements
were significantly lower in the groups with 3% and 5% of GRF
treatment compared with those of control and 1% of GRF (P < 0.05).
As for springiness, no significant difference was found between
control and the addition of GRF and among three treatments with
different levels of GRF (P > 0.05). These data were similar to the
report of Ziegler, Rizvi, and Acton (1987), who found that hardness
varied inversely with moisture retention in dried and non-dried
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