The contents are mostly presented in a narrative style. In Germany, narrative reporting is mandatory for all companies, while in the UK narrative reporting is voluntary for listed companies (Blaug & Lekhi, 2009). Under the new practices, the classifications of intellectual capital have broadened to include more elements of businesses such as human capital, organizational capital and customer capital (Roberts, 2003). When intellectual capital is classified as human capital,
organizational capital and customer capital, there are emerging tools applied to measure and report such capital to be discussed in the next section.