McGrath and Phillips(2009) conducted a qualitative phe nomenological study involving 20 women who had given birth via cesarean to explore the issne of newborn feeding after a sec ond cesarean birth. Several themes, some conflicting, emerged from the data; these included a very strong desire to breastfeed, a decision to not breastfeed, a prompt switch to bottle-feeding when obstacles occurred and, for some, a view that bottle feeding was easier and more convenient. Obstacles associated with a cesarean birth included a postponement of newborn contact with the breast, separation from the newborn, lack of skin-to-skin contact, the troubled state of the newborn after the birth and the baby receiving a bottle in the nursery before being a presented to the mother. One mother also stated that she devel- oped engorgement resulting from the delay in contact, which made breastfeeding more diflicult.