“Ten second-grade classes participated in a year-long project in which
instruction was generally compatible with a socioconstructivist theory of
knowledge and recent recommendations of the NCTM. At the end of the
school year, the 10 project classes were compared with 8 nonproject classes
on a standardized achievement test and on instruments designed to assess
students’ computational proficiency and conceptual development in arithmetic,
their personal goals in mathematics, and their beliefs about reasons for
success in mathematics.”