THE BOTTOM-UP SKEW
A survey of psychologists asked them if there might be "one nagging thing" that they did not understand about themselves.
One said that for two decades he had studied how gloomy weather makes one's whole life look bleak, unless you become aware of how the gloom worsens your mood-but that even though he understood all that, gloomy skies still made him feel bad.
Another was puzzled by his compulsion to write papers that show how some research is badly misguided, and how he contin ues to do so even though none of the relevant researchers has paid much attention.
And a third said that though he had studied "male sexual over perception bias"-the misinterpretation of a woman's friendliness as romantic interest-he still succumbs to the bias.
The bottom-up circuitry learns voraciously-and quietly taking in lessons continually as we go through the day. Such im plicit learning need never enter our awareness, though it acts as a rudder in life nonetheless, for better or for worse.
The automatic system works well most of the time: we know what's going on and what to do and can meander through the de mands of the day well enough while we think about other things. But this system has weaknesses, too: our emotions and our motives create skews and biases in our attention that we typically don't no tice, and don't notice that we don't notice.
Take social anxiety. In general, anxious people fixate on any thing even vaguely threatening; those with social anxiety compul sively spot the least sign of rejection, such as a fleeting expression of disgust on someone's face-a reflection of their habitual assump tion that they will be social flops. Most of this emotional transac tion goes on out of awareness, leading people to avoid situations where they might get anxious.
An ingenious method for remedying this bottom-up skew is so subtle that people have no idea that their attention patterns are being rewired (just as they had no idea that wiring was going on as they acquired it in the first place). Called "cognitive bias modi fication," or CBM, this invisible therapy has those suffering from severe social anxiety look at photos of an audience while they are asked to track when flashing patterns of lights appear and press a button as quickly as they can.
THE BOTTOM-UP SKEW
A survey of psychologists asked them if there might be "one nagging thing" that they did not understand about themselves.
One said that for two decades he had studied how gloomy weather makes one's whole life look bleak, unless you become aware of how the gloom worsens your mood-but that even though he understood all that, gloomy skies still made him feel bad.
Another was puzzled by his compulsion to write papers that show how some research is badly misguided, and how he contin ues to do so even though none of the relevant researchers has paid much attention.
And a third said that though he had studied "male sexual over perception bias"-the misinterpretation of a woman's friendliness as romantic interest-he still succumbs to the bias.
The bottom-up circuitry learns voraciously-and quietly taking in lessons continually as we go through the day. Such im plicit learning need never enter our awareness, though it acts as a rudder in life nonetheless, for better or for worse.
The automatic system works well most of the time: we know what's going on and what to do and can meander through the de mands of the day well enough while we think about other things. But this system has weaknesses, too: our emotions and our motives create skews and biases in our attention that we typically don't no tice, and don't notice that we don't notice.
Take social anxiety. In general, anxious people fixate on any thing even vaguely threatening; those with social anxiety compul sively spot the least sign of rejection, such as a fleeting expression of disgust on someone's face-a reflection of their habitual assump tion that they will be social flops. Most of this emotional transac tion goes on out of awareness, leading people to avoid situations where they might get anxious.
An ingenious method for remedying this bottom-up skew is so subtle that people have no idea that their attention patterns are being rewired (just as they had no idea that wiring was going on as they acquired it in the first place). Called "cognitive bias modi fication," or CBM, this invisible therapy has those suffering from severe social anxiety look at photos of an audience while they are asked to track when flashing patterns of lights appear and press a button as quickly as they can.
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THE BOTTOM-UP SKEW
A survey of psychologists asked them if there might be "one nagging thing" that they did not understand about themselves.
One said that for two decades he had studied how gloomy weather makes one's whole life look bleak, unless you become aware of how the gloom worsens your mood-but that even though he understood all that, gloomy skies still made him feel bad.
Another was puzzled by his compulsion to write papers that show how some research is badly misguided, and how he contin ues to do so even though none of the relevant researchers has paid much attention.
And a third said that though he had studied "male sexual over perception bias"-the misinterpretation of a woman's friendliness as romantic interest-he still succumbs to the bias.
The bottom-up circuitry learns voraciously-and quietly taking in lessons continually as we go through the day. Such im plicit learning need never enter our awareness, though it acts as a rudder in life nonetheless, for better or for worse.
The automatic system works well most of the time: we know what's going on and what to do and can meander through the de mands of the day well enough while we think about other things. But this system has weaknesses, too: our emotions and our motives create skews and biases in our attention that we typically don't no tice, and don't notice that we don't notice.
Take social anxiety. In general, anxious people fixate on any thing even vaguely threatening; those with social anxiety compul sively spot the least sign of rejection, such as a fleeting expression of disgust on someone's face-a reflection of their habitual assump tion that they will be social flops. Most of this emotional transac tion goes on out of awareness, leading people to avoid situations where they might get anxious.
An ingenious method for remedying this bottom-up skew is so subtle that people have no idea that their attention patterns are being rewired (just as they had no idea that wiring was going on as they acquired it in the first place). Called "cognitive bias modi fication," or CBM, this invisible therapy has those suffering from severe social anxiety look at photos of an audience while they are asked to track when flashing patterns of lights appear and press a button as quickly as they can.
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