Results and Discussion
The effect of water addition on engine horsepower, brake specific
fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and the exhaust gas
temperature were studied. The effect of water addition on the engine
output torque and brake power for various speeds are shown in figure
2 and 3. Both of the torque and the brake power intensities strongly
depend on the engine speed. At low speed, torque increases to reach
a maximum as the engine speed increases, and then, as engine speed
increases further, torque decreases for all cases as shown in figure 2. The
torque decreases because the engine is unable to ingest a full charge of
air at the higher speeds. It is clear from figure 2 that as the mass ratio
of water to fuel increases, the engine torque increases. Water injection
significantly affects the burn rate. Harrington [2] found that the watergasoline
mixture with respect to gasoline for a single cylinder engine
have slower burn rates. Peak pressure position (PPP) occurs too late due
to the lowered combustion rate as a result of water injection. The spark
advanced the peak pressure position back to its optimal value during the
tests. This helps to increase the output torque with water injection. The
effect of the water injection on the engine power is shown in figure 3.
The brake power increases to a maximum and then decreases at higher
speeds. This is mainly because friction losses increase with engine
speed and become the dominant factor at very high speeds. Figure 3
shows that the power increases slightly as the water to fuel mass ratio
Results and DiscussionThe effect of water addition on engine horsepower, brake specificfuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and the exhaust gastemperature were studied. The effect of water addition on the engineoutput torque and brake power for various speeds are shown in figure2 and 3. Both of the torque and the brake power intensities stronglydepend on the engine speed. At low speed, torque increases to reacha maximum as the engine speed increases, and then, as engine speedincreases further, torque decreases for all cases as shown in figure 2. Thetorque decreases because the engine is unable to ingest a full charge ofair at the higher speeds. It is clear from figure 2 that as the mass ratioof water to fuel increases, the engine torque increases. Water injectionsignificantly affects the burn rate. Harrington [2] found that the watergasolinemixture with respect to gasoline for a single cylinder enginehave slower burn rates. Peak pressure position (PPP) occurs too late dueto the lowered combustion rate as a result of water injection. The sparkadvanced the peak pressure position back to its optimal value during thetests. This helps to increase the output torque with water injection. Theeffect of the water injection on the engine power is shown in figure 3.The brake power increases to a maximum and then decreases at higherspeeds. This is mainly because friction losses increase with enginespeed and become the dominant factor at very high speeds. Figure 3shows that the power increases slightly as the water to fuel mass ratio
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