3.2. Effects of juice processing on total phenolics and total flavonoids
The results obtained for the spectrophotometric measurements
were calculated and compared on a dry-weight basis. The concentrations
of total phenolics (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) significantly
decreased by 24.9% and 40.7% following the milling
process as compared to the fresh black mulberries, respectively
(p < 0.05). On the other hand, the subsequent mashing and pressing
steps gave rise to substantial increases, resulting in significantly
higher TPC (1866 mg GAE/100 g DW, 35.7% increase
compared to the fresh fruit) and TFC (1684 mg RE/100 g DW,
14.4% increase compared to the fresh fruit) levels in the initial
(pressed) juice than in fresh fruit (p < 0.05) (Table 1). The final pasteurization
step applied to the initial (pressed) juice had hardly any
effect on the values of TPC and TFC, which gave a final juice product
with significantly higher concentrations (39.5% higher
(1919 mg GAE/100 g DW) and 16.0% higher (1709 mg RE/100 g
DW), respectively) of total phenolics and flavonoids in comparison
to the starting fruit material (p < 0.05) (Table 1). Moreover, the
press cake waste material was determined to be relatively poor
in TPC (744 mg GAE/100 g DW) and TFC (645 mg RE/100 g DW)
(p < 0.05), indicating a suitable recovery of the compounds into
the juice fraction (Table 1).
3.2. Effects of juice processing on total phenolics and total flavonoidsThe results obtained for the spectrophotometric measurementswere calculated and compared on a dry-weight basis. The concentrationsof total phenolics (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) significantlydecreased by 24.9% and 40.7% following the millingprocess as compared to the fresh black mulberries, respectively(p < 0.05). On the other hand, the subsequent mashing and pressingsteps gave rise to substantial increases, resulting in significantlyhigher TPC (1866 mg GAE/100 g DW, 35.7% increasecompared to the fresh fruit) and TFC (1684 mg RE/100 g DW,14.4% increase compared to the fresh fruit) levels in the initial(pressed) juice than in fresh fruit (p < 0.05) (Table 1). The final pasteurizationstep applied to the initial (pressed) juice had hardly anyeffect on the values of TPC and TFC, which gave a final juice productwith significantly higher concentrations (39.5% higher(1919 mg GAE/100 g DW) and 16.0% higher (1709 mg RE/100 gDW), respectively) of total phenolics and flavonoids in comparisonto the starting fruit material (p < 0.05) (Table 1). Moreover, thepress cake waste material was determined to be relatively poorin TPC (744 mg GAE/100 g DW) and TFC (645 mg RE/100 g DW)(p < 0.05), indicating a suitable recovery of the compounds intothe juice fraction (Table 1).
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