Direct GC–O (D-GC–O) method was used to evaluate the global perception of the compounds retained on the SPME fibre. D-GC–O is currently applied to estimate the aroma characteristics of the global odour of solventless extracts and is based on the direct olfaction of the extract at the sniffing port of a modified GC–O device without any chromatographic separation. A Trisplus automated sampler, and Ultra GC were used, equipped with a deactivated capillary tube (80 cm × 0.32 mm i.d) and directly connected to a sniffing port (ODO II, SGE, Melbourne, Australia). The parameters of the direct GC–O device were as follows: the oven temperature was 40 °C; the carrier gas was helium at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min; the sniffing port was at 250 °C; each SPME fibre kept in the GC injector (splitless mode) for 2 min.