When Hannah et al. conducted a secondary data analysis to find out what actually happened to women in the two assigned groups, a different finding emerged (Table 1).41 Nulliparous women who went into spontaneous labour had an overall Caesarean rate of only 25.7%, regardless of which group they were originally assigned. The Caesarean rate of women in the induction group who were induced was not statistically different than the Caesarean rate of women who went into spontaneous labour from either group. However, nulliparous women in the expectant management group who had an induction experienced a significantly higher Caesarean rate than all of the other groups— 42%. The same pattern held true when the researchers examined data from multiparous women