In order to establish overall validity, extensive further research would need to be
done. However, with half of the modules of the test being marked objectively, namely the
writing and listening, and the remainder being marked subjectively by trained examiners,
namely the speaking and writing, it may well be difficult to come up with a satisfactory SEM for the test, which in turn may well hinder the search for conclusive evidence supporting the varying sub-headings for validity.