the Government of Cambodia is currently implementing the second Health Strategic Plan 2008- 2015 (HSP2) At the same time, the new National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2014-2018 sets out the government’s approach for inclusive growth and sustainable development, wherein people’s health is identified as one of the priorities for effective human capital. In addition, The ‘Decentralization and Deconcentration’ (D&D) agenda is a key area of public policy reform and is expected to increase delegation of administrative functions and the resources from the central to sub-national level. The other important challenges related to health systems development are persisting high levels of out of pocket payments which accounts for more than 60% of the total healthexpenditures,andpoorqualityofcare,particularlyinruralandremotefacilities. Whilethe private facilities account for an estimated 49% of treatment episodes and the non-medical sector such as drug vendors, traditional and religious healers and birth attendants attend to about 21% of patients, a lot still need to be done in regulating services provided by the private sector. On the human resources for health, the key outstanding issues include health professional registration, the scaling up of the workforce to keep pace with population growth, and developing policies related to private sector service provision. Initiatives to address financial barriers to accessing care include voucher schemes, Health Equity Funds (HEFs) and other schemes, whereas HEFs have been the most successful which now cover 80% of the poorest people in the country. The expansion of the HEFs to cover all the poor population, and eventually shift from individual schemes to a national health financing policy in support of universal health coverage remains a majorchallengeforthe Future.