Generally, when an electric field is applied to any material
it determines charge displacements that lead to the fieldinduced
strains. If the strain is proportional to the electric
field, the phenomenon is called “piezoelectricity” and is found
only in noncentro-symmetric materials. If the strain depends
quadratically on the electric field, then two phenomena “electrostriction”
and “electrostatic effect” (Maxwell effect) could
be involved and arise in any materials, crystalline or not.
For an unelectroded isotropic dielectric sample, the induced
strain is a superposition of the pure quadratic electrostriction
and strain caused only by the electrode attraction (Coulomb
interaction) [1], [6]. If the sample is electroded with very thin
metal layers or compliant electrodes, the repulsion between
like charges on the same electrode enhances more or less
Generally, when an electric field is applied to any materialit determines charge displacements that lead to the fieldinducedstrains. If the strain is proportional to the electricfield, the phenomenon is called “piezoelectricity” and is foundonly in noncentro-symmetric materials. If the strain dependsquadratically on the electric field, then two phenomena “electrostriction”and “electrostatic effect” (Maxwell effect) couldbe involved and arise in any materials, crystalline or not.For an unelectroded isotropic dielectric sample, the inducedstrain is a superposition of the pure quadratic electrostrictionand strain caused only by the electrode attraction (Coulombinteraction) [1], [6]. If the sample is electroded with very thinmetal layers or compliant electrodes, the repulsion betweenlike charges on the same electrode enhances more or less
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