Table 3 clearly shows that all the variables are stationary with I (1), although the PP test using without trend estimation techni- ques rejects the null hypotheses at the I(0) stage. In order to determine the stationary level for the unknown structural break, we also apply ZA and CMR, which accommodates a single unknown structural break stemming in the series. We find that all the variables have a unique order of integration in the presence of a structural break in the series. The results are shown in Table 4.