Conclusion
Treatment with insulin before resuscitation following hemorrhagic shock provided better cardioprotection than insulin treatment after resuscitation. The present study suggested that one of the possible mechanisms of cardioprotection by insulin is by inhibiting the inflammatory pathways.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (08-MED560-02) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Technical help from Mr. Sabirine is acknowledged.