Once cracks occur on rice kernels, the mechanical properties of the entire kernel are altered. Rice kernels with cracks are fragile and more susceptible to compressed forces. Fracturability of the whole rice kernels (fracturable force) was evaluated as an objective value to indirectly quantify the cracking formation on rice surface (Fig. 2). A low fracturable force implies a high fracturability. It was apparent that the rice kernels were more easily fractured after treatment with an increased quantity of beetroot juice. The increment in the fracturability is related to the larger formation of cracks on the rice kernel surface. This evidence supports the results of visual surface cracking evaluation in the previous discussion.
For the KML and CHN kernels, their fracturabilities were similar. The KML and CHN kernels which were stored over longer periods of time were more easily fractured. However, the fracturability of SPT kernels was not the lowest, even though it had the lowest visual surface cracking (Table 1). This is due to the fact that the fracturability of rice kernels reflects not only the rice kernel surface cracking but also the original strength of the rice kernels. The SPT kernels, although being less susceptible to cracking, are much more porous and fragile than KML and CHN kernels. As a result, their fracturability was higher than expected. This implies that the fracturability of whole rice kernels is influenced by the original strength of the rice kernels. The fracturability value is, therefore, not appropriate to make comparisons between rice varieties and aging. It is only suitable for the investigation of the impact of various cracking degrees within the same variety of rice. On the other hand, visual surface cracking is a better quantification of kernel surface cracking for comparisons among various rice conditions.
It should be noted that at the 4e5% added juice the SPT kernels were still not easily broken by hand force (hold a kernel at its two ends by two hands and force the kernel to break apart into two pieces). Especially, the 4% added juice SPT kernels resisted the hand force before breaking at a similar degree to that of the un- treated. The 4% added juice KML and CHN were slightly lower resistant than the corresponding untreated. These results suggest that vacuum drying could be optimized for minimum damage to the rice samples.
Once cracks occur on rice kernels, the mechanical properties of the entire kernel are altered. Rice kernels with cracks are fragile and more susceptible to compressed forces. Fracturability of the whole rice kernels (fracturable force) was evaluated as an objective value to indirectly quantify the cracking formation on rice surface (Fig. 2). A low fracturable force implies a high fracturability. It was apparent that the rice kernels were more easily fractured after treatment with an increased quantity of beetroot juice. The increment in the fracturability is related to the larger formation of cracks on the rice kernel surface. This evidence supports the results of visual surface cracking evaluation in the previous discussion.For the KML and CHN kernels, their fracturabilities were similar. The KML and CHN kernels which were stored over longer periods of time were more easily fractured. However, the fracturability of SPT kernels was not the lowest, even though it had the lowest visual surface cracking (Table 1). This is due to the fact that the fracturability of rice kernels reflects not only the rice kernel surface cracking but also the original strength of the rice kernels. The SPT kernels, although being less susceptible to cracking, are much more porous and fragile than KML and CHN kernels. As a result, their fracturability was higher than expected. This implies that the fracturability of whole rice kernels is influenced by the original strength of the rice kernels. The fracturability value is, therefore, not appropriate to make comparisons between rice varieties and aging. It is only suitable for the investigation of the impact of various cracking degrees within the same variety of rice. On the other hand, visual surface cracking is a better quantification of kernel surface cracking for comparisons among various rice conditions.It should be noted that at the 4e5% added juice the SPT kernels were still not easily broken by hand force (hold a kernel at its two ends by two hands and force the kernel to break apart into two pieces). Especially, the 4% added juice SPT kernels resisted the hand force before breaking at a similar degree to that of the un- treated. The 4% added juice KML and CHN were slightly lower resistant than the corresponding untreated. These results suggest that vacuum drying could be optimized for minimum damage to the rice samples.
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