with pasteurized donor milk rather than premature infant formula the preferred alternative if a mother is unable to provide an adequate volume.The current recommendation is based on an impressive array of benefits that human milk provides to this highly vulnerable population, including decreased rates of late-onset sepsis,necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),and retinopathy of prematurity,fewer re-hospitalizations in the first year of life,24 and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes.In addition, premature infants that receive human milk have lower rates of metabolic syndrome, lower blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein levels, and less insulin and leptin resistance when they reach adolescence, compared to premature infants receiving formula.