7. Discussion and Conclusion
This study found that the overall level of the role of supervisors in the first stage of clinical supervision
(supervision or prior to the conference before the observation) was at the level of 'quite often' adopted from all six
(6) items studied, in the range min 2.34 - 3.67. Thus, interpretations of clinical supervision practices showed that the
supervisors do imply collaborative dialogue between the teachers in order to promote improvements in learning and early process of communication and interaction between teachers and supervisors. This process is expected to assist
and facilitate teachers and supervisors in understanding the learning outcomes and objectives of supervision as well
as to get a glimpse of instructional background that taken place in terms of delivering techniques, strategies or
methods being used. Other than that, he also mentioned that this stage is aimed to minimize the discomfort and also
to reduce tensions among the parties that were being supervised. The first stage of the study (mean = 3.45) (refer to
table 4.0) was consistent with the findings by Hamdan and Rahimah, (2011) that majority of the teachers aware of
preliminary discussions before the supervision taken place. The teachers will also be notified in advance before
observations are held and also on the subjects and aspects that will be observed. Consequently, the elements implied
in the items built in the first phase are to determine instructional strategies, the main focus of observation and also
to ensure effective learning outcomes achieved. Elements embedded in these items are arranged in appropriate
behaviour to gain feedbacks from the supervisor. Meetings and discussions in pre supervision session can create
condusive environment in order to obtain mutual consensus between the supervisor and the teachers during the
classroom observation. Results of ANOVA and Post Hoc test showed differences at the fifth level of supervision
(analysis after the conference) was less effective against a group of teachers who can be considered as ‘seniors’ that
have teaching experiences for over 16 years. Thus, the supervisor might not propose the teaching techniques to these
group of teachers. Apart from that, the supervisor rarely propose in-service training and also suggestions of reading
materials in order to improve their teaching and learning activities to ‘senior’ teachers. The overall standard of
clinical supervision for five levels according to the perception of teachers in MJSC were at ‘high’ or ‘often
practiced’ with the overall mean at 3.86 in the range of scores between 3.68 – 5.00, which shown that clinical
supervisions positively open up chances for the supervisor and the teachers to collaborate systematically and
effectively. Moreover, the clinical supervisions embrace the expansion of curriculum development. It is proven that
clinical supervisions are complex activities. In order to achieve effective clinical supervisions, both parties should
have one common realization as the fundamental perspective so significant benefits can be delivered to supervisor
and the teachers.