In the case of Hsp90, we have been able to identify an
allosteric site, distant from the ATP-binding pocket and located
in the C-terminal domain, against which several ligands were
successfully screened. These ligands showed good anticancer
activity along with the ability to perturb physical interactions
between Hsp90 and client proteins.6 These efforts demonstrated
that the detailed analysis of the microscopic
determinants of functionally oriented internal dynamics can
be translated into the discovery of novel functional modulators.
In this article, analysis of the dynamic response of Hsp90 to
the presence of Novobiocin in the allosteric pocket was used to
characterize the formation/disappearance of pockets in the
ligand−protein interaction region. The resulting structures
were then probed by docking a range of known, CTD-targeted
Novobiocin analogues (Figure 1 and 2). The aim of this step
was to determine whether productive binding interactions
could be established by these derivatives and whether such
poses could support structure−activity relationships. Next, the
generated docking poses and binding-pocket conformational
changes were used to guide the design of new inhibitors that
contain functional groups selected to exhibit an optimal fit
within the ligand-induced conformations of the binding site.
Such molecules provide information on the structural variations
of the binding site in response to the protein’s function. Finally,
the newly designed ligands were evaluated for their
antiproliferative activity against cancer cells and demonstrated
improved activity compared to the original leads.
Overall, the results demonstrate the dynamics-based
approach could represent an effective strategy to guide the
discovery and evolution of second-generation inhibitors by
exploiting the salient aspects of conformational protein−ligand
cross-talk. Although we have developed and tested it in the
context of allosteric inhibitors, this methodology may be
applicable to other cases in which an initial protein−ligand
complex has been identified.
In the case of Hsp90, we have been able to identify anallosteric site, distant from the ATP-binding pocket and locatedin the C-terminal domain, against which several ligands weresuccessfully screened. These ligands showed good anticanceractivity along with the ability to perturb physical interactionsbetween Hsp90 and client proteins.6 These efforts demonstratedthat the detailed analysis of the microscopicdeterminants of functionally oriented internal dynamics canbe translated into the discovery of novel functional modulators.In this article, analysis of the dynamic response of Hsp90 tothe presence of Novobiocin in the allosteric pocket was used tocharacterize the formation/disappearance of pockets in theligand−protein interaction region. The resulting structureswere then probed by docking a range of known, CTD-targetedNovobiocin analogues (Figure 1 and 2). The aim of this stepwas to determine whether productive binding interactionscould be established by these derivatives and whether suchposes could support structure−activity relationships. Next, thegenerated docking poses and binding-pocket conformationalchanges were used to guide the design of new inhibitors thatcontain functional groups selected to exhibit an optimal fitwithin the ligand-induced conformations of the binding site.Such molecules provide information on the structural variationsof the binding site in response to the protein’s function. Finally,the newly designed ligands were evaluated for their
antiproliferative activity against cancer cells and demonstrated
improved activity compared to the original leads.
Overall, the results demonstrate the dynamics-based
approach could represent an effective strategy to guide the
discovery and evolution of second-generation inhibitors by
exploiting the salient aspects of conformational protein−ligand
cross-talk. Although we have developed and tested it in the
context of allosteric inhibitors, this methodology may be
applicable to other cases in which an initial protein−ligand
complex has been identified.
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