for example, from laser scanners for outdoor applications [3] or using infrared-based systems such as DTrack and VICON for indoor navigation [4]. Localization needs to be performed accurately at a high frequency. DTrack, for example, is able to track the mobile robot at a rate of 60Hz with an accuracy of 1mm. However, the major drawback of such infrared-based systems is the limited tracking area (e.g. 3×3m2 for DTrack) and the high investment cost (e.g. several ten thousand e for our improved DTrack system). In this paper, we investigate possibilities for mobile robot localization using off-the-shelf vision cameras instead of expensive high-end devices.