Scaffold instruction helps students determine the logical steps needed to reach a goal, while portfolios help students reflect on and evaluate their thinking, and then monitor and plan their activities and knowledge. Discussion allows students to share ideas and thinking, which can become a medium for reflection and evaluation of their own thinking. Furthermore, STEM education is an approach to teaching scientific and mathematic applications through engineering activities that involve the development of technology. Therefore, the combination of scaffold instruction, portfolios, and discussion within a STEM education framework will improve students’ metacognitive skills