The survey instruments were carefully reviewed by practitioners that manage IIS. In the pretesting stage, consistency, ease of understanding, and appropriateness of the question sequence were assessed. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to evaluate the extent to which practitioners felt they possessed the knowledge necessary to provide appropriate responses. Some items were modified to enable more straightforward responses. After each interview, the questionnaire was improved. This procedure repeated until a limited number of minor revisions were made in the questionnaire. All 10 practitioners were then interviewed, and a final review was made by four IS professors. All respondents were thought to have sufficient knowledge about IIS implementation. Respondents that could not answer particular questions referred their unanswered questions to knowledgeable colleagues.