Quantitative Models for Performance Measurement Systems (QMPMS)
QMPMSs use cognitive maps, cause and effect diagrams, tree diagrams, and the analytic hierarchy process, to quantify the effect of factors on performance (Suwignjo et al., 2000; Nudurupati et al., 2007). There are three main steps in QMPMS: (1) identifying the factors that affect performance and their relationships; (2) structuring the factors hierarchically; (3) quantifying the effect of factors on performance (Suwignjo et al., 2000; Nudurupati et al., 2007). The quantification process is carried out based on the results of a pair-wise comparison questionnaire among the factors (subjective technique).
This approach for quantifying the effects of factors on performance could be criticised because it is subjective, and it may be difficult to be applied in practices. One of the potential problems of this approach is that performance improvement usually involves identification of a large number of factors affecting performance. Consequently, the number of pairwise comparison questionnaire will be huge; and filling it in will be exhausting and time consuming (Suwignjo et al., 2000).