Non-British colonies were taken over and the inhabitants were all assimilated, unlike in Nova Scotia, where the British expelled the French Acadian inhabitants. There were no major civil wars among the 13 colonies, and the two chief armed rebellions were short-lived failures in Virginia in 1676 and in New York in 1689–91. The colonies developed legalized systems of slavery,[2] based largely in the Atlantic slave trade from Africa or by way of the Caribbean. Wars were recurrent between the French and the British—the French and Indian Wars especially—and involved French support for Wabanaki attacks on the frontiers. By 1760, France was defeated and the British seized its colonies.