LABOUR MARKET STRUCTURE
Labour markets are structured into segments up of jobs of different kinds with different levels made reward, and separated by barriers that limit mobil. ity between segments. A number of labour-market disaggregations have been proposed, but a classifi. cation of direct relevance to the Third World urban economy identifies the following categones:
1. Protected wage-work in which contracts and legal constraints operate and jobs are protected from market forces by restrictions on entry.
2. Competitive regular wage-work in which entry is relatively open and market forces operate but employment is nevertheless continuous and perhaps subject to contract.
3. Unprotected wage labour, a heterogeneous cat. egory that includes much casual labour, domestic service and wage workers in petty trade, and is characterised by insecurity andor irregularity. Various forms of disguised wage labour are also included (Figure 24.2).
4. Sere:mployment and family labour engaged in small-scale production.
5. Marginal activities. which range from peripheral low-productivity work, such as shoe-shining and hawking, to semi-legal and illegal activities.
Each mode of production distributes the labour force across these categories and in doing so con. tributes to socio-spatial variations in and poverty affluence.