and the same amount of the fresh juice was
immediately replaced to initiate the next batch. This method was
called “fill and drain technique” (Anastassiadis and Rehm, 2006).
Eight successive batches were performed. The fill and drain volume
giving the maximum ethanol production was selected for the
fermentation in the 2 L bioreactor.
In the 2 L bioreactor, the fermentation was operated as in the
flask, but the medium was agitated at 100 rev min-1. Eight
successive batches were performed.