In this study, we explore the antecedents, a boundary condition, and
a consequence of a challenging form of OCB—customer-focused voice.
Drawing from theory and research on voice, we proposed and found
that customer orientation and job autonomy are positively related to
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customer-focused voice. In addition, we found that service climate moderates
the relationship between voice antecedents and customer-focused
voice such that these relationships are stronger when service climate is
low. These interactions reveal that a high service climate compensates
for unfavorable conditions for customer-focused voice, such as low customer
orientation and low job autonomy. Finally, we provide evidence
that customer-focused voice aggregated to the hospital level is positively
related to hospital-level service performance rated by two independent
sources, highlighting the importance of voice at the organizational level
in a customer service context.