In the case of nonplanar circuits, we cannot define meshes, and thus mesh analysis cannot be performed. Mesh analysis is thus not as general as nodal analysis, which had no such topological restriction. A KVL-based technique may still be employed, however, even for nonplanar circuits. The procedure in this case is similar to mesh analysis, but the equations are not as easily formulated. This technique, generalized loop analysis, is briefly summarized in Appendix C. Fortunately, the large majority of electric circuits we shall have need to analyze in practice are planar, and for those we may choose nodal or mesh analysis. For nonplanar circuits, the only general method developed in this text is nodal analysis.