Since the 1890s, the standard Polish, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and Czech vodkas are 40% alcohol by volume ABV (80 US proof), a percentage that is widely misattributed to Dmitri Mendeleev.[1][2] The European Union has established a minimum of 37.5% ABV for any "European vodka" to be named as such.[3][4] Products sold as "vodka" in the United States must have a minimum alcohol content of 40%.[5] Even with these loose restrictions, most vodka sold contains 40% ABV. For homemade vodkas and distilled beverages referred to as "moonshine", see moonshine by country.