The differences between neutralization and rationalization have not been considered in an
accounting context. Yet, the timing related to fraud justification is important because it might
impact anti-fraud programs. Generally, the fraud triangle’s construct of rationalization is described
by accounting researchers as occurring before the fraudulent act. As a result, in anti-fraud efforts,
rationalization is addressed through training and awareness; such efforts might not be effective or
cost-beneficial if the fraudster does not consider justification for an act until after it has been
completed. Understanding the true timing of fraud justification is critical to properly formulating
anti-fraud measures. For example, assuming that fraud acts cause guilt and/or stress, a reminder of a
company’s open door policy might persuade the perpetrators to self-report even though they have
already committed the act and their actions likely entail negative consequences. Further, with
respect to whether a fraudster engages in pre-act neutralization or post-act rationalization,
practitioners and researchers should consider the possibility that this timing may be driven by
context-specific factors (Nelson 2009), more stable personality-driven factors (Hurtt 2010), or both
(Hurtt, Brown-Liburd, Early, and Krishnamurthy 2013).
The differences between neutralization and rationalization have not been considered in anaccounting context. Yet, the timing related to fraud justification is important because it mightimpact anti-fraud programs. Generally, the fraud triangle’s construct of rationalization is describedby accounting researchers as occurring before the fraudulent act. As a result, in anti-fraud efforts,rationalization is addressed through training and awareness; such efforts might not be effective orcost-beneficial if the fraudster does not consider justification for an act until after it has beencompleted. Understanding the true timing of fraud justification is critical to properly formulatinganti-fraud measures. For example, assuming that fraud acts cause guilt and/or stress, a reminder of acompany’s open door policy might persuade the perpetrators to self-report even though they havealready committed the act and their actions likely entail negative consequences. Further, withrespect to whether a fraudster engages in pre-act neutralization or post-act rationalization,practitioners and researchers should consider the possibility that this timing may be driven bycontext-specific factors (Nelson 2009), more stable personality-driven factors (Hurtt 2010), or both(Hurtt, Brown-Liburd, Early, and Krishnamurthy 2013).
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