The partial replacement of cocoa butter (CB) with milk fat (MF) strongly influences micro-scale topographic
evolution and fat phase crystallisation in milk chocolate. Adding MF reduces the incidence of
large surface crystals and the number and diameter of amorphous, welled CB deposits (‘cones’), with a
concurrent decrease in initial surface roughness (p < 0.05) and rate of surface coarsening. Presence of
MF also slows the solidification of the cones into disorganised crystalline masses. Finally, MF reduces
the initial solid fat content, and slows the rate of change in whiteness index, as well as the form V to
VI polymorphic transition. Fat crystal growth is accelerated by repeated temperature-cycling
(26–29 C) compared to isothermal conditioning (26 C). However, cone hardening occurs more rapidly
when isothermally-stored. Irrespective of fat composition and storage conditions, fat crystal growth,
welling and ultimately fat bloom begin only at specific locations on the chocolate surface, suggesting that
chocolate’s microstructural heterogeneity is responsible for distinct surface fat crystallisation pathways
The partial replacement of cocoa butter (CB) with milk fat (MF) strongly influences micro-scale topographicevolution and fat phase crystallisation in milk chocolate. Adding MF reduces the incidence oflarge surface crystals and the number and diameter of amorphous, welled CB deposits (‘cones’), with aconcurrent decrease in initial surface roughness (p < 0.05) and rate of surface coarsening. Presence ofMF also slows the solidification of the cones into disorganised crystalline masses. Finally, MF reducesthe initial solid fat content, and slows the rate of change in whiteness index, as well as the form V toVI polymorphic transition. Fat crystal growth is accelerated by repeated temperature-cycling(26–29 C) compared to isothermal conditioning (26 C). However, cone hardening occurs more rapidlywhen isothermally-stored. Irrespective of fat composition and storage conditions, fat crystal growth,welling and ultimately fat bloom begin only at specific locations on the chocolate surface, suggesting thatchocolate’s microstructural heterogeneity is responsible for distinct surface fat crystallisation pathways
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