This value component captures the non-use value of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the stated preference method is
considered the most appropriate valuation method, e.g. the contingent valuation method. Studies by Hageman (1985)
and Loomis and White (1996) estimated an annual average household’s willingness to pay for surviving species of sea
mammals in the £19 - £46 range per species, depending on the mammal species. By multiplying the unit estimate by the
total number of households, the non-use value of marine mammals was estimated to vary between £469 million and
£1,136 million in the UK in 2004.