The FTIR spectra of pure PSF and mixed matrix membranes are shown in Fig.5. Fig. 5A illustrates FTIR spectrum of PSF membrane before addition of CNF. The FTIR spectrum of pure PSF membrane shows characteristic infrared bands at around 1150cm1 (SO2), 1370cm1(C—H), 1580cm1(C¼C). The FTIR spectra of CNF/PSF MMM,Fig.5B, are similar to those of pure PSF membrane, with the only difference being the C—H bond in around 2970 and 3070 cm1 occurred in the mixed matrix membranes, which are attributed to presence of CNFs. The intensity of this peak enhances with increasing CNFs concentration in polymer matrix [29].