The restructuring of the grain supply chain included the introduction of (1) shuttle train service by the railroads, and (2) larger, more efficient, storage elevators (henceforth referred to as terminal elevators) by grain shippers. The restructuring of the grain supply chain coincided with increased yield volumes, due to technological advances and weather changes, on the grain production side. Additionally, the railroads promoted and incentivized the construction of terminal elevators throughout the Upper Midwest.